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According to surveys, python is the second most popular programming language of the year 2018 after javascript. What is actually python? What makes python this popular? Python is a high-level programming language created by Guido van Rossum and released in 1991. Rossum named it python because he used to enjoy British comedy group Monty Python. Python 2.0 was released in the year 2000 and its major revision, 3.0 was released in 2008. In this article, we will discuss python features and why it is so popular.
Table of Contents
The syntax of python is much simple when compared to other languages such as Java and C/C++. Python is an expressive language. It is very easy to read and understand. Let’s compare the hello world program of Python, Java, and C.
Hello World in C
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("Hello World!\n");
}
Hello World in Java
public class Hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World!");
}
}
Hello World in python
print('Hello World!')
We can clearly see that python’s syntax is much simpler than the other two. It is not even mandatory to use semicolons in python.
Python is an interpreted programming language. The code in python is executed line by line. This is very effective for debugging and testing.
Python supports object-oriented programming. Even, it is found that using object-oriented concepts in python is much simpler when compared to other object-oriented languages such as Java and C/C++.
Python’s standard library is large, full of rich modules and functions. The standard library of python is very useful in rapid application development.
Python is free to download and it is open-source as well.
Python can also be used for creating impressive graphical user interfaces. The modules such as PyQt5, wxPython, PyQt4 or Tk can be used for GUI programming. PyQt5 is the most popular GUI module when it comes to GUI programming in python.
Python is a cross-platform programming language. Python code can run on Windows, Linux, Unix, and mac without providing any specifications for a particular platform.
This is another awesome feature for developers. Python does not require to specify the data type of a variable in advance, instead, the type of a variable is decided at run-time only.
Python is a high-level programming language. This makes it more programmer-friendly. A programmer does not need to remember the architecture nor he needs to worry about memory management.
Python is an extensible language as its code can also be written in other programming languages such as C++.
alsoRead
Python is quite popular in the web development world. There are many python frameworks that are used for full-stack as well as non-full-stack web development. A framework is nothing but a collection of modules and packages that allows a developer to build a web application without handling low-level activities such as process management or thread management, and protocols management, etc. Let’s discuss some of the most popular python web frameworks.
Django is one of the most popular full-stack python web frameworks. It is a high-level, open-source framework that was created to ease the creation of web development. It is based on the model-template-view (MTV) architecture.
Features:
Web2py is an open-source cross-platform python framework that is used for full-stack web development. It allows the developer to build web applications quickly. The development is simple in Web2py through SQL database, a web server, and a web-based interface. The application management is done through web browsers. It has many built-in components to manage cookies, reactions, HTTP requests, and sessions.
Features:
Turbo Gears is another open-source python web framework that is very popular. Turbo Gears overcome many drawbacks of other popular web frameworks.
Features:
Flask is one of the most popular lightweight python web frameworks that is used for small and easy projects. It is based on Werkzeug, and Jinja 2.
Features:
CherryPy is a Minimalist web framework that uses the concept of object-oriented programming to build web applications.
Features:
One of the main features of python is its support for object-oriented programming. Here we will discuss a simple example of using object-oriented programming concepts in python.
class Dog:
def __init__(self, dogName, dogBreed, dogAge):
self.dogName = dogName
self.dogBreed = dogBreed
self.dogAge = dogAge
def getValues(self):
print("name: ", self.dogName)
print("breed: ", self.dogBreed)
print("age: ", self.dogAge)
Rambo = Dog("Rambo", "Pitbull", 5)
Max = Dog("Max", "Labrador", 2)
Rambo.getValues()
Max.getValues()
Observe the above python code. This code contains one class and two instances of it. Let’s discuss this code step by step.
First, we declared a class, Dog using the class keyword.
class Dog:
Then we created the constructor of the Dog class using the __init__ method.
def __init__(self, dogName, dogBreed, dogAge):
self.dogName = dogName
self.dogBreed = dogBreed
self.dogAge = dogAge
The constructor will invoke every time when the object of the Dog class will be created. There can be two types of constructors in python – default and parameterized. The default constructor does not have any parameters while parameterized has. In our code, we have a parameterized constructor as we are passing three values to it: dogName, dogBreed, dogAge. The constructor is assigning values that are passed to it.
Note: Self is always the first parameter of constructor and methods of a class. The self keyword is used to access the attributes of the class.
Then we have a method – getValues. This method will print the data stored in the object.
def getValues(self):
print("name: ", self.dogName)
print("breed: ", self.dogBreed)
print("age: ", self.dogAge)
Now we have created a class, its constructor and one method. How can we access them? We have to create an instance or object of the Dog class. In the code, we created two objects of the Dog class – Rambo and Max.
Rambo = Dog("Rambo", "Pitbull", 5)
Max = Dog("Max", "Labrador", 2)
We can see that three values are passed to the constructor. These values can be accessed using the getValues method we created earlier. Let’s see how can we invoke this method using the objects.
Rambo.getValues()
Max.getValues()
This is how to invoke methods of a class using an object. Let’s see the output.
Python 3 is actually the revised version of python 2. There are many differences between the versions. Let’s discuss some of the important differences.
The most important difference in both version – print function.
print 'Hello World!' #python 2.x
print('Hello World!) #python 3.x
The xrange() does not exist in python 3.x. It is replaced by the range().
for i in range(0,5): #correct way in python 3.x
print(x)
for i in xrange(0,5): #This will throw NameError
print(x)
Error handling is slightly different, since ‘as’ keyword is used in Python 3.x
try:
trying_to_check_error
except NameError, err:
print err, 'Error Caused' # Python 2.x
try:
trying_to_check_error
except NameError as err: # 'as' is required in Python 3.x
print (err, 'Error Caused')
The result of the division operation in both versions is different.
print 7 / 5
print -7 / 5
'''
Python 2.x :
1
-2
Python 3.x :
1.4
-1.4
'''
Conclusion
Python is one of the most popular and widely used programming languages. There are reasons for it. It is programmer-friendly. Python is for beginners. When compared to programming languages such as Java, C/C++, it is quite easy to learn and understand. Moreover, Python is perfect for web development. There are many full-stack and non full-stack web frameworks that use python. Overall, Python is one of the best choices when it comes it programmer-friendly programming language.
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